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THE RORT · THE INFLATION RORT · ARTICLE 9 / 19READING
CASE FILE · THE INFLATION RORTARTICLE 9 / 19By The Rort · 29 September 2026 · therort.com.au

Four rises in 2026

On 29 September 2026 the Reserve Bank raised the cash rate to 4.60 per cent, unanimously: its fourth rise this year and the highest rate since 2011. Its reasons put a war and oil prices first. Its answer is to keep demand “subdued for a …

Bank (ADI) profit after tax if the 2025-26 pace holds (THE RORT's projection), since 1 July 2026 · liveA$10,482,048,000
Reading time27 min
THE CASH RATE, 2025 TO 2026: THREE CUTS, FOUR RISES CASH RATE TARGET, PER CENT, ON THE DATE EACH CHANGE TOOK EFFECT 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 2023 PEAK 4.35% 4.75% UNTIL A CUT EFFECTIVE 2 NOV 2011 WAR BEGINS 28 FEB (IEA) 4.35 4.10 3.85 3.60 3.85 4.10 4.35 4.60 4 FEB +0.25 UNANIMOUS 18 MAR +0.25 FIVE TO FOUR 6 MAY +0.25 EIGHT TO ONE 17 JUN HOLD UNANIMOUS 12 AUG HOLD UNANIMOUS 30 SEP +0.25 UNANIMOUS 1 JAN 2025 1 JUL 2025 1 JAN 2026 1 JUL 2026 31 OCT 2026 EFFECTIVE DATES ANNUAL CPI, PER CENT (ABS): SEPARATE MONTHS, NO LINE DRAWN BETWEEN THEM TARGET 2 TO 3% 0 2 3 5 1.9 JUN-25 3.0 JUL-25 3.8 OCT-25 3.8 DEC-25 3.7 FEB-26 4.6 MAR-26 4.2 APR-26 4.0 MAY-26 3.8 JUN-26 3.5 JUL-26 THE RORT · SOURCE: RBA CASH RATE TABLE AND MEDIA RELEASES; ABS CPI; IEA
The cash rate target on the dates each change took effect, January 2025 to 30 September 2026, with the vote on each 2026 decision, and annual CPI inflation below. Dates are effective dates; each decision was announced the day before.

On Tuesday 29 September 2026 the Reserve Bank’s Monetary Policy Board announced at 2.30 pm that it had raised the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.60 per cent, effective 30 September. The decision was unanimous. It is the fourth rise of 2026. It puts the rate above the 2023 peak of 4.35 per cent and makes 4.60 per cent the highest cash rate since late 2011 12.

The Bank’s statement puts the widening Middle East war and global energy prices first. It then names AI-related global demand and pressure on domestic capacity. Its stated method is that “growth in aggregate demand needs to remain subdued for a period” 2.

This article is the record. It sets down the 2025 and 2026 path from the Bank’s own cash rate table, statements and Minutes: every decision, the dates it was announced and took effect, and the vote. It gives the reasons in the Bank’s words, the forecasts the Board is steering by, what its statements do not mention (with the documents searched stated each time), what the Treasurer, the Prime Minister, the Opposition, ACOSS and Senator David Pocock said on the day, and the Board’s own case. It draws no conclusion the record cannot carry.

A note on dates. The Board announces its decisions at 2.30 pm, and the cash rate table lists the date each change takes effect, the following day 124. This article gives both: announced on one day, effective the next.

01The decision

The Board announced the decision at 2.30 pm on 29 September. The cash rate table lists 4.60 per cent from 30 September, because a change takes effect the following day 1. The Bank’s media release says: “At its meeting today, the Board decided to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.60 per cent.” It adds: “Today’s policy decision was unanimous.” 2

4.60%
Cash rate target from 30 September 2026: the fourth rise of 2026 and the highest since late 2011. The four 2026 rises total 100 basis points from 3.60 per cent. The decision was unanimous.
Source · RBA cash rate table; RBA Media Release 2026-27, 29 September 2026

The new rate is above the 2023 peak of 4.35 per cent. It is the highest since late 2011: the table shows 4.75 per cent until a cut effective 2 November 2011. The four rises of 2026 total 100 basis points from 3.60 per cent 1.

The statement’s reasons open: “Inflation remains elevated and some of the upside risks flagged in August are materialising.” It says the three earlier rises of the year “have tightened financial conditions and the economy appears to be slowing. But inflation is still too high”, and that “a further tightening in financial conditions is warranted to support a return of inflation to target in a reasonable period.” It says the Board could go further, “including increasing the cash rate target further if needed”, and that the Board “is focused on its mandate to deliver price stability and full employment.” 2

The Board remains focused on ensuring that high inflation does not become embedded. To achieve this, growth in aggregate demand needs to remain subdued for a period to reduce capacity pressures and bring inflation back to target.

02The reasons, in the Bank’s words

The statement puts the war first: “The conflict in the Middle East has broadened and global energy prices are now much higher than had been assumed in the August forecasts.” It says: “Higher fuel prices have partially been passed through to prices of other goods and services. This inflation impulse is in addition to the effect of capacity pressures in the economy.” And it adds: “And there remains pressure on domestic capacity.” 2

It also names the artificial intelligence boom as a source of global price pressure: “AI-related demand is driving rapid growth in global prices for technology-related goods.” It says trading partners have grown faster than expected: “growth in Australia’s major trading partners has been stronger than expected, as the boost from AI-related investment has outweighed the adverse effects of the Middle East conflict.” 2

On prices at home, the Bank cites its business liaison: “Liaison indicates that firms are experiencing cost pressures and are either increasing the prices of their goods and services or looking to do so.” It adds: “Short-term measures of inflation expectations remain elevated.” The Bank also says recent inflation was stronger than expected 2.

The statement also records “signs that growth in consumer spending is easing gradually as expected, although housing prices have fallen in most capital cities and new housing loans have declined noticeably.” Two sentences later, in the same paragraph, it says: “Meanwhile, growth in business investment and debt is strong.” Those are two of the Bank’s own sentences, set side by side here. They are not a finding by the Bank about who bears the burden of the rises 2.

The Bank has said the same about business through the year. On 16 June: “Growth in business investment is strong and credit is readily available to both households and businesses.” On 11 August: “growth in business debt and investment is strong.” 67 The August forecast table has business investment growth slowing from 6.5 per cent (June 2026) to 0.2 per cent (December 2028), which is consistent with the Bank expecting firms to feel the rises with a lag 15.

03How we got here

Before 2026. The cash rate was 4.35 per cent through 2024. It was cut three times in 2025, effective 19 February, 21 May and 13 August, to 3.60 per cent. That 2025 low had last been in force in March and April 2023. The earlier cycle took the rate from 0.10 per cent to 4.35 per cent in 13 rises, the first effective 4 May 2022 and the last effective 8 November 2023. The rate then held at 4.35 per cent until the cut effective 19 February 2025 1.

3 February 2026 (effective 4 February): 3.85 per cent, unanimous. The Board’s reasons were domestic. Inflation had “picked up materially in the second half of 2025”; “labour market conditions remain a little tight”; and “it is evident that private demand is growing more quickly than expected, capacity pressures are greater than previously assessed and labour market conditions are a little tight.” The Bank also said “part of the pick-up in inflation is assessed to reflect temporary factors” and that “the effects of earlier interest rate reductions are yet to flow through fully.” 3 That statement does not mention the Middle East, oil, fuel, gas or energy. It says global uncertainty “remains significant” 3.

The war came after that decision. The International Energy Agency dates the United States and Israeli air strikes on Iran to 28 February 2026, and the US Energy Information Administration records the “de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz” that followed 1011. That was 25 days after the Board’s 3 February decision (THE RORT’s calculation from the two dates). Inflation was above the 2 to 3 per cent band before the war: underlying inflation was 3.4 per cent over the year to the December quarter 2025, and monthly headline CPI was 3.7 per cent in the year to February 2026 1314.

17 March 2026 (effective 18 March): 4.10 per cent, five votes to four. The Board’s wording was: “Today’s policy decision was made by majority: five members voted to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.10 per cent; four members voted to leave the cash rate target unchanged at 3.85 per cent.” 4

Today’s policy decision was made by majority: five members voted to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.10 per cent; four members voted to leave the cash rate target unchanged at 3.85 per cent.

The March statement cited the war: “the conflict in the Middle East has resulted in sharply higher fuel prices, which, if sustained, will add to inflation.” It also recorded: “Business investment was above expectations and consumption was below expectations. Meanwhile, growth in unit labour costs declined.” 4

The Minutes give the four dissenters’ case. “A minority of members judged that the case to leave monetary policy unchanged at the current meeting was the stronger one. These members reiterated that inflation was too high and that a further tightening in monetary policy would probably be required.” But they “placed more weight on the weaker-than-expected consumption outcome and slowing in the growth in unit labour costs in the December quarter 2025”, and “felt there was merit in delaying any tightening of monetary policy until the potential effects of the current conflict in the Middle East become clearer.” 8 The minority’s dispute, on the Minutes, was about timing, not about the tool 8.

5 May 2026 (effective 6 May): 4.35 per cent, eight votes to one. “Today’s policy decision was made by majority: eight members voted to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.35 per cent; one member voted to leave the cash rate target unchanged at 4.10 per cent.” 5 The statement said the Bank “sees underlying inflation peaking higher than was expected in February. It then declines as demand growth slows and capacity pressures ease in response to higher interest rates.” It added: “There are early signs that many firms experiencing cost pressures are looking to increase prices of their goods and services.” 5

The Minutes record the dissenter’s reasons. One member “placed more weight on the arguments for leaving the cash rate target unchanged, judging that capacity pressures prevailing before the conflict were somewhat less than the staff had assessed.” That member saw a higher risk of a prolonged conflict sapping demand, expected inflation to return to target without more tightening, and preferred to hold “while awaiting additional evidence on how the Australian economy would respond to the conflict”, noting that “this approach was consistent with that adopted by other central banks.” The majority said underlying inflation would stay above target “for an extended period” in a range of scenarios and that 4.1 per cent might not be enough, and most members judged that a rise would best balance the Board’s two objectives, “accepting that the shorter term trade-off between these had worsened.” 9

The same Minutes record the Board’s agreement that “monetary policy could not alter the near-term trajectory of inflation”, and that what it could do was limit the risk of “a broader and sustained lift in inflationary pressure” 9. At her media conference that day the Governor said: “Already we’ve seen a sharp increase in fuel and related commodity prices and this is already feeding through to inflation. The recent increases in interest rates will have no impact on this. What these increases do, however, is to help to contain the domestic inflationary pressures after the inflation due to oil and related commodity prices eases.” 37

16 June 2026 (effective 17 June): hold at 4.35 per cent, unanimous. “The latest data show that headline and underlying inflation are still too high.” The unemployment rate “was higher than expected in April”, and “growth in demand needs to slow to reduce capacity pressures and help bring inflation back to target.” 6

11 August 2026 (effective 12 August): hold at 4.35 per cent, unanimous. The Board judged policy “somewhat restrictive”. It said inflation “is not expected to return to around the midpoint of the target range until late 2027 and there are upside risks to this projection”, and that “the disruption to global oil supply is adding directly to inflation”. It kept a further rise open, “including increasing the cash rate target further if upside risks materialise.” 7 It also said: “While the impact of the Middle East conflict on inflation has so far been less than expected, headline inflation is still too high.” 7

The inflation path. Annual CPI was 1.9 per cent in June 2025 and 3.0 per cent in July 2025, then 3.8 per cent in October and again in December 2025. It peaked at 4.6 per cent in March 2026, then ran at 4.2, 4.0, 3.8 and 3.5 per cent to July 2026. Trimmed mean inflation was 3.6 per cent in July, unchanged 12. The cut effective 13 August 2025 came on data to June, when annual inflation was 1.9 per cent; this article does not examine what drove the rise in inflation from July 2025 12.

04What the statements do not say

A word search of the body of the 29 September statement finds no “fiscal”, “government”, “budget”, “profit”, “markup”, “wage” or “rent”. The word “margin” appears once, in the phrase “at the margin”. That is an absence in one document. It is not proof of the Bank’s wider views 2. Fiscal policy was raised with the Governor at her 11 August press conference; asked whether the slowdown came more from the Budget or from rates, she said: “I wouldn’t like to attribute a particular percentage to any.” 19 On 3 February she said she would not tell the government what to do with fiscal policy (“That’s not my business”), and on 5 May: “Fiscal policy has many more things that it can do.” She also said fiscal policy is “not a very nimble way to address inflation”, but that when governments are running up against capacity constraints “they do need to think about” ways to constrain demand 37.

The search was widened. None of the six 2026 decision statements, the transcript of the 11 August press conference or the Outlook chapter of the August Statement on Monetary Policy contains “profit” or “markup”. The five statements before September also do not contain “margin”. Apart from the March and May Minutes, set out below, the Minutes, the other chapters of the Statement on Monetary Policy, speeches and research were not searched for those words 2345671519.

The March and May Minutes do not use the word “fiscal” or discuss Australian fiscal policy as a response to inflation. The only references to public spending are that public demand was “broadly as expected” (March) and “rising budget deficits” among the global trends that may have lifted estimates of the neutral rate (May). Neither Minute discusses corporate profits or margins arising from the war: “profit” appears once in March, as “corporate profitability” of AI-exposed US equities, and not at all in May. The nearest material is the liaison on pricing: “members acknowledged the information from liaison that some firms were actively considering whether to raise prices and that some expected workers would begin to seek higher nominal wages.” 89

These are scoped absences, stated as such. They record what these documents contain. They do not say what any member thinks about profits, government spending or wages.

05The forecasts the Board is steering by

The Bank’s August Statement on Monetary Policy, published before today’s rise, sets out the path the Board is steering by. Underlying inflation “is expected to remain above 3 per cent until mid-2027 before declining to the midpoint of the 2–3 per cent target range in 2028.” The table gives trimmed mean inflation of 3.6 per cent (June 2026), 3.3 (December 2026), 3.0 (June 2027), 2.6 (December 2027) and 2.4 (June 2028) 15. The 11 August statement said inflation would be around the midpoint only by late 2027; the Statement on Monetary Policy has it at the midpoint in 2028 715.

On jobs: “Subdued GDP growth will weigh on labour demand, with the unemployment rate forecast to increase gradually to 4.8 per cent by end-2028.” The forecast has unemployment at 4.4 per cent in June 2026, and GDP growth of 1.4 per cent over 2026 15. The forecast has 4.5 per cent for December 2026 and 4.6 per cent for June 2027 15.

The ABS recorded unemployment at 4.6 per cent in August 2026 (4.5 per cent in July). Over the year, the number of unemployed people rose by 80,000 (12.4 per cent) to 722,900, while employment rose by 238,100 (1.6 per cent) to 14,836,600. The ABS flags a survey method change and recommends the trend series, in which unemployment was also 4.6 per cent; it calls the August data “fit-for-purpose” 18. Unemployment is therefore already at the level the August forecast had for mid-2027. That is not the same as saying the forecast has been missed: the forecast is a quarterly average and the September quarter is incomplete. The July and August average is 4.55 per cent (THE RORT’s calculation from the two monthly figures) 1518.

On wages: the real Wage Price Index fell 0.7 per cent and real average hourly earnings fell 1.2 per cent over the year to June 2026, on the Bank’s table, with real wage growth forecast to turn positive from mid-2027 15. The Bank also names public-sector wage deals and public demand as near-term pressures: public demand grew 3.6 per cent over the year to June 2026, against household consumption growth of 1.8 per cent 15.

The forecasts rest on a judgement about policy: “Financial conditions remain restrictive enough to keep growth below potential and for the labour market to ease gradually.” The assumed cash rate path “remains a bit above the top of the range of estimates of the neutral cash rate”, even as total employment keeps growing 1.1 to 1.4 per cent a year 15.

The August forecasts assumed “less than one full cash rate increase by the end of 2026, before a small reduction in the cash rate further out”. The forecast table takes unemployment from 4.4 per cent (June 2026) to 4.8 per cent (June 2028) while trimmed mean inflation falls from 3.6 per cent to 2.4 per cent. The Bank does not split the table by cause, so the 0.4 point rise in unemployment cannot be read as the cost of the rises 16. Analysis, not fact: the Statement does not say what starting rate the assumption is measured from. If it is read from the 4.35 per cent rate in force when the forecasts were made, today’s 25 basis point rise takes the cash rate beyond that assumption. That reading is THE RORT’s, not the Bank’s 16.

The Bank also treats part of the inflation as a supply shock: “Inflation is expected to ease over the next couple of years as somewhat restrictive financial conditions reduce capacity pressures in the domestic economy and the pass-through of higher costs related to the Middle East conflict are assumed to unwind.” 15 It has put a number on the indirect effect: conflict-related costs, excluding the direct effect of retail fuel prices, “contributed a bit more than 0.1 percentage points to trimmed mean inflation in the June quarter”, a little less than it expected in May, though “this estimate is uncertain”. Trimmed mean inflation, at 3.6 per cent, reflects “ongoing economy-wide capacity pressures and the pass-through of higher costs as a result of the Middle East conflict”, so trimmed mean is not a war-free measure 17.

06The Board’s case

The Board’s case, in its own words, has five parts. Each is set down here without comment, because the record is what this article is for.

First, firms are raising prices. “Liaison indicates that firms are experiencing cost pressures and are either increasing the prices of their goods and services or looking to do so”, and “Short-term measures of inflation expectations remain elevated.” 2 Governor Michele Bullock told the House Economics Committee on 18 September that “many firms have passed input cost pressures arising from elevated fuel prices through to the prices of other goods and services.” 20

Second, the pick-up began before the war. In February the Board said inflation had “picked up materially in the second half of 2025” 3, and underlying inflation was 3.4 per cent in the year to the December quarter 2025 14. Bullock told the committee: “The increase in inflation partly reflects capacity pressures in the Australian economy, and the conflict in the Middle East has added to these inflation pressures.” She said labour market conditions “remain close to, but a little tighter than, full employment”, and put the unemployment rate at 4.5 per cent, which she called “low by historical standards.” 20 The ABS August figure, released on 24 September after that statement, is 4.6 per cent 18. The March Minutes record the majority’s view that “developments in the Middle East would further reduce the already constrained supply capacity of the Australian economy” and add to inflation “under a wide range of scenarios”; the same majority conceded that the war’s effect on demand was uncertain, given Australia’s position as a net energy exporter 8.

Third, gradualism protects jobs. On 11 August Bullock said: “if we were just focusing on inflation and we weren’t focusing on employment and the economy more broadly, then we could possibly raise interest rates very substantially and induce a very big impact but get inflation down very quickly. The reason why we’ve got this sort of slightly more flexible mandate is to allow us reasonable time to get inflation back down and hopefully avoid some of those costs, particularly on the employment side.” 19

Fourth, waiting has a cost. On 28 July Bullock said: “Putting off a period of tight monetary policy today can mean higher rates and higher unemployment down the track.” 21 In November 2022 Governor Lowe said that bringing inflation back down “after it becomes ingrained in people’s expectations is very costly and almost certainly involves a recession”, and that in Australia and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s it took “a rise in the unemployment rate of at least 5 percentage points.” 22

Fifth, the effects of earlier rises are yet to come. “Because monetary policy works with a lag, the full effects of recent rate increases are yet to be felt.” 20

The Bank’s job is set in law. The Treasury Laws Amendment (Reserve Bank Reforms) Act 2024, in force from 1 March 2025, tells the Board to determine monetary policy in a way that, in the Board’s opinion, best contributes to “price stability in Australia” and “the maintenance of full employment in Australia” (section 9B). The Statement on the Conduct of Monetary Policy records an agreed goal of “consumer price inflation between 2 and 3 per cent.” 23

07What was said on the day

The Treasurer, before the decision. On the morning of 29 September Jim Chalmers said: “Our inflation right now is not the fault of Australian workers.” He also said: “Australians are already paying a very hefty price for developments on the other side of the world.” 26

The Treasurer, after the decision. The ABC’s live blog, in posts timed 3.02 pm, 3.12 pm and 3.18 pm AEST, carried his remarks. “Australian workers didn’t choose this war, but they are paying a hefty price for it,” he said, and the war is “making inflation linger for longer”. He said: “We take responsibility for our part of the fight against inflation. That’s why we’ve been managing the budget responsibility,” and “for every $5 of demand in our economy, four of those have been private demand, one has been public demand.” On productivity: “You don’t turn around a productivity challenge which has been entrenched for so long quickly in a couple of months.” 27 FXStreet, publishing at 2.54 pm AEST, reported him saying: “Today’s interest rate rise was widely expected and anticipated, that doesn’t make it any easier for people.” 28 No Treasury transcript of his Brisbane press conference was listed at 3.58 pm. The Final Budget Outcome, released by the Treasurer and the Finance Minister on 28 September, records headline inflation of 3.9 per cent through the year to the June quarter 2026 (a quarterly measure; the monthly annual figure for June was 3.8 per cent), “materially lower than the forecast of 5 per cent in the 2026-27 Budget”. The RBA had expected 4.8 per cent in May 17. The Final Budget Outcome says: “This reflects lower-than-expected petrol prices, and subdued pass-through of broader cost pressures from the Middle East conflict to consumer prices.” 36 The Bank’s own sizing of the war’s indirect effect is in the section on forecasts above 17.

The Prime Minister, before the decision. In Adelaide on 29 September, in a press conference held before the announcement (the question put to him said “Potentially with another rate rise later on this afternoon”), Prime Minister Albanese said: “We understand that Australians are under financial pressure. We’ll continue to look at measures, but we’ll continue also to bear in mind that any measure we don’t want to have a further impact on inflation. And to bear in mind the fiscal position that that represents.” He said: “We’ve had two wars, to be fair, that have impacted on the price of fuel,” and “You might recall that we produced two budget surpluses.” He pointed to the 1 July tax cuts, free TAFE, Urgent Care Clinics and tripled bulk-billing incentives. Asked whether the government was “gaslighting” (Richard Holden’s word), he said: “What we’re doing is being straightforward.” 29 Those surpluses were underlying cash surpluses of $22.1 billion in 2022-23 and $15.8 billion in 2023-24. The budget has been in deficit since: $10.0 billion in 2024-25 and $22.3 billion in 2025-26, with a deficit of $31.5 billion forecast for 2026-27 38.

The Opposition. Opposition Leader Angus Taylor, reported by Yahoo Finance’s live blog at about 3.25 to 3.30 pm, called it “a dark day, a tough day for hardworking Australian families with a mortgage”, and said: “Let’s be clear, we know this government is spending too much.” 30 Shadow Treasurer Tim Wilson’s release says: “The Reserve Bank has been forced to raise interest rates on Australian families and small businesses for the 16th time under the Albanese Labor government because they can’t kick their spending and inflation addiction.” It says “households and small business will pay the bill” and gives repayment figures of “$120 a month” and “almost $4,600”, without stating their basis 31. The count of 16 is the Opposition’s claim; THE RORT has not checked it. Yahoo Finance noted that the hiking cycle “actually commenced under Scott Morrison” 30.

ACOSS. Chief executive Cassandra Goldie, quoted in the ABC live blog: “Raising interest rates is creating unemployment by design, putting thousands of people out of work to slow the economy.” 27 That is a reaction, not a statement of fact about unemployment. The ABC framed it as a response to the Governor’s comments on unemployment; that framing is the ABC’s. The Governor’s own words, at a CEDA event on 22 September, from the RBA’s transcript: “There’s no particular level at which I think we can get to. I think between 4.5 and 5 will probably take enough heat out of the labor market that it’ll ease pressure on inflation.” In the same answer she said that 4.5 per cent “at the moment” is “a bit tight”, and, for balance, that “having a job is really important” and “high unemployment is not great.” 35

Senator David Pocock. The independent ACT senator posted a 40-second video on Facebook on Tuesday afternoon. Only its caption is quoted here; the spoken words were not transcribed. The caption reads: “Why is it always households getting stung with increased costs while massive multinationals bank wartime profits? Why aren’t the major parties talking about a windfall profits tax or backing the push for a 25% gas export tax ?! There is more we can and must do to stop price gouging and get a fair return from the export of our resources.” In the caption “bank” is a verb, meaning to pocket; the post does not name the banking sector. This article records the caption as one of the day’s reactions and does not assess its claims 32. Beside it, from the record: Woodside’s underlying profit for the half to 30 June 2026 rose 7 per cent, and Santos’s profit after tax fell 19 per cent, and its underlying profit was US$397 million against US$508 million a year earlier (all in US dollars; Santos blames one-off commissioning costs and cargo timing). Santos prices its LNG on oil with a three-month lag, so most of the war price falls in the second half; Woodside’s realised price rose 20 per cent, which it attributes to the war 39. The Greens’ amendment calling for a minimum 25% gas export tax was lost in the Senate 13 to 35 on 12 March 39. Every recorded 2026 division on a gas export tax that the desk found was lost, including a House vote on 2 June in which the Coalition did not vote 39. The major parties have given their reasons. The Prime Minister said on 29 April, as reported by the ABC, that “The middle of a global fuel crisis is the worst possible time to jeopardise these partnerships, or the investment that underpins them.” In the Senate committee’s report of 7 May, Labor senators recommended that the Treasury or the Productivity Commission evaluate the proposals “After the current Middle East energy crisis has passed”, and Coalition senators said Australia “needs an increased tax take, not an increased tax rate.” 4142

The first bank moves. Macquarie had announced changes by the afternoon. Its own help page says: “Macquarie is increasing its variable home loan reference rates by 0.25% per annum, effective 15 October 2026.” The page does not split owner-occupier and investor loans. The same page gives new ongoing savings rates from 15 October: 5.25 per cent up to $250,000; 5.05 per cent from $250,000.01 to $2,000,000; and 4.60 per cent above $2,000,000. They replace rates of 5.00, 5.00 and 2.75 per cent, rises of 25, 5 and 185 basis points. For a saver with a balance between $250,000 and $2 million that is 5 basis points, against the borrowers’ 25. The page shows no term deposit change. This is one lender’s schedule, not the market’s 33. Across the market, on the RBA’s tables to July (before today’s rise), the average rate paid on household deposits and the average rate charged on outstanding owner-occupier variable loans each rose 0.7 points from December 2025 to July 2026, and the gap between them did not measurably widen at the one decimal place published. That compares one loan type with deposits and is not a bank margin 40.

Between 4.44 pm and 4.46 pm AEST THE RORT checked the four major banks’ websites. None had announced a change to variable home loan, savings or term deposit rates. CBA’s home loan page still showed 5 May 2026, and its savings page said: “we’re currently reviewing the interest rates for savings products”. Westpac said its rates were “currently under review”. NAB’s home loan page still showed 3 February 2026. ANZ said it was “reviewing its home loan and residential investment loan interest rates”. Whether each big four bank passes the rise to borrowers and to savers is not yet known 34.

The Governor. The Governor’s media conference follows each decision 24. The RBA’s transcript had not been posted at 4.08 pm, and this article does not quote press reports of the conference. When the transcript is posted, its text will be added here as a dated Update.

08What to watch

30 September. The rise takes effect 1. The ABS publishes August CPI at 11.30 am, the first CPI print after the decision. The annual rate was 3.5 per cent in July 1224.

13 October. The Minutes of the 29 September meeting are listed on the RBA’s release calendar for 11.30 am. The RBA’s footnote says Minutes are released two weeks after each Board meeting 24.

28 October. The ABS publishes September CPI with the September quarter figures at 11.30 am AEDT 24. The Bank had itself forecast that the end of the fuel excise cut would lift September-quarter inflation: “The roll-off of the fuel excise reduction in July and August is expected to boost retail fuel prices and quarterly headline inflation in the September quarter.” 1215 The Supplementary Budget Estimates hearing of the Economics Legislation Committee (Treasury portfolio) sits on 28 and 29 October, and the RBA’s attendance is not yet posted 25.

3 November. The next Board decision, at 2.30 pm, followed by the Governor’s media conference 24. THE RORT will repeat the word search on the statement: fiscal policy, profits, markups, wages and rents, and the war’s pass-through.

12 November. The House Economics Committee’s Review of Australia’s four major banks lists its next hearing 25.

25 November and 8 December. ABS October CPI on 25 November, and the last Board decision of 2026 on 8 December at 2.30 pm 24.

The Governor has committed, in the Statement on the Conduct of Monetary Policy and not in statute, to appear twice a year before the House Economics Committee. She appeared before it on 6 February and 18 September 2026, and before Senate Estimates on 4 June 2026 25.

If the Reserve Bank, the government, the Opposition or any bank wants to reply to anything in this article, write to corrections@therort.com.au. The reply will be published in full as a dated Update.

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    The last decision of the year, and the Governor's media conference.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 8 December 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). Decision at 2.30 pm and media conference. NEXT DATE: 22 December 2026, Minutes of the 8 December meeting (two weeks on the RBA's stated practice).

  • 25 November 2026Watch
    Watch: ABS October CPI
    Monthly CPI for October.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 25 November 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). ABS October CPI. NEXT DATE: 8 December 2026, the last Board decision of 2026.

  • 3 November 2026Watch
    Watch: Monetary Policy Board decision, 2.30 pm
    The next decision, followed by the Governor's media conference.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 3 November 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). Decision at 2.30 pm and the Governor's media conference. Record the rate, the vote and whether the statement mentions fiscal policy, profits or the war's pass-through (scoped word search, as for 29 September). NEXT DATE: 25 November 2026, ABS October CPI.

  • 28 October 2026Watch
    Watch: ABS September CPI with quarterly data, 11.30 am AEDT
    The first quarterly CPI after the fuel excise relief ended; the RBA expected the roll-off to lift September-quarter headline inflation.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 28 October 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). ABS September CPI with the September quarter, 11.30 am AEDT. The RBA expected the excise roll-off to boost September-quarter headline inflation. Supplementary Budget Estimates (Economics) sit the same day. NEXT DATE: 3 November 2026, Board decision.

  • 13 October 2026Watch
    Watch: Minutes of the 29 September meeting, 11.30 am
    The RBA's release calendar lists the Minutes for 13 October at 11.30 am.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 13 October 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). The Minutes of the 29 September meeting are listed for 11.30 am. Check: who attended; whether and why any member preferred to hold; fiscal policy; profits; peers. NEXT DATE: 28 October 2026, September quarter CPI.

  • 30 September 2026Watch
    Watch: the rise takes effect; ABS August CPI at 11.30 am
    The 4.60 per cent cash rate target takes effect; the first CPI print after the decision.
    Read the desk note

    WATCH 30 September 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT). The rise to 4.60 per cent takes effect today. The ABS publishes August CPI at 11.30 am. Record the annual rate beside July's 3.5 per cent, and the fuel figure after the fuel excise relief rolled off in July and August. Add it as a dated Update (“Update, 30 September 2026.”) after the inflation path paragraph in “How we got here”. NEXT DATE: 13 October 2026, minutes, 11.30 am.

  • 29 September 2026Record
    Record: article 9 published, 29 September 2026
    Published the day the Reserve Bank raised the cash rate to 4.60 per cent, unanimously.
    Read the desk note

    PUBLISHED 29 September 2026 (case: THE INFLATION RORT, article 9).

    FINDING. The Monetary Policy Board raised the cash rate target 25 basis points to 4.60 per cent, effective 30 September, unanimously: the fourth rise of 2026 and the highest since late 2011. Its reasons put the Middle East war and global energy prices first, then AI-related demand and pressure on domestic capacity.

    STILL OPEN. The Governor's media conference transcript (not posted at 4.08 pm); the big four's response (none by 4.46 pm).

    NEXT DATE: 30 September 2026, ABS August CPI, 11.30 am.

The desk record →
Corrections policy
Correction Policy: If you believe any claim in this article is factually incorrect, contact us at corrections@therort.com.au with your evidence and a source. We will review and publish corrections prominently.
References & Sources42 sources · 40 linked
  1. Reserve Bank of Australia: Cash rate target. https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/cash-rate/. Fetched 29 September 2026, 2.37 pm AEST. Rows: 19 Feb 2025 -0.25 4.10; 13 Aug 2025 -0.25 3.60; 4 Feb 2026 +0.25 3.85; 6 May 2026 +0.25 4.35; 12 Aug 2026 0.00 4.35; 30 Sep 2026 +0.25 4.60; 4 May 2022 +0.25 0.35; 8 Nov 2023 +0.25 4.35; 5 Oct 2011 0.00 4.75; 2 Nov 2011 -0.25 4.50. “any change in the cash rate target taking effect the following day”.
  2. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-27, Statement by the Monetary Policy Board, 29 September 2026, 2.30 pm AEST. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-27.html. Source of the decision, the unanimous vote, the reasons quoted, the mechanism (“subdued for a period”) and the word search of the statement body.
  3. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-03, 3 February 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-03.html. Raised the cash rate target 25 basis points to 3.85 per cent, unanimously. Reasons quoted in the text.
  4. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-08, 17 March 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-08.html. Five votes to four for a rise to 4.10 per cent. Reasons quoted in the text.
  5. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-12, 5 May 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-12.html. Eight votes to one for a rise to 4.35 per cent. Reasons quoted in the text.
  6. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-15, 16 June 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-15.html. Hold at 4.35 per cent, unanimous. Statements on inflation, unemployment and demand quoted in the text.
  7. Reserve Bank of Australia: Media Release 2026-19, 11 August 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2026/mr-26-19.html. Hold at 4.35 per cent, unanimous; “somewhat restrictive”; “not expected to return to around the midpoint of the target range until late 2027”; “less than expected”.
  8. Reserve Bank of Australia: Minutes of the Monetary Policy Board, 16 and 17 March 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/rba-board-minutes/2026/2026-03-17.html. The minority’s and majority’s reasons; “fiscal” does not appear; “profit” appears once, as “corporate profitability” of AI-exposed US equities.
  9. Reserve Bank of Australia: Minutes of the Monetary Policy Board, meeting of 4 and 5 May 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/rba-board-minutes/2026/2026-05-05.html. The dissenter’s and majority’s reasons; “fiscal” does not appear; “rising budget deficits” appears among global trends; “profit” does not appear.
  10. International Energy Agency: Oil Market Report, March 2026, 12 March 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-march-2026. “Oil prices have gyrated wildly since the United States and Israel launched joint air strikes on Iran on 28 February.”
  11. U.S. Energy Information Administration: Today in Energy, 7 April 2026. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=67424. “particularly following military action in the Middle East on February 28 and the subsequent de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz”.
  12. Australian Bureau of Statistics: CPI rose 3.5% in the year to July 2026, 26 August 2026. https://www.abs.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/cpi-rose-35-year-july-2026. Annual CPI path (Jun-25 1.9; Jul-25 3.0; Oct-25 3.8; Dec-25 3.8; Mar-26 4.6; Jul-26 3.5, with 4.2, 4.0 and 3.8 in between); trimmed mean 3.6 per cent, unchanged. Automotive fuel rose 7.5 per cent in July, which the ABS attributed to higher world oil prices and the partial unwinding of the federal government’s fuel excise relief measures.
  13. Australian Bureau of Statistics: CPI rose 4.6% in the year to March 2026, 29 April 2026. https://www.abs.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/cpi-rose-46-year-march-2026. “March CPI inflation of 4.6 per cent is up from the 3.7 per cent annual inflation to February”.
  14. Reserve Bank of Australia: Statement on Monetary Policy, February 2026, overview. https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2026/feb/overview.html. “Underlying inflation rose to 3.4 per cent over the year to the December quarter”.
  15. Reserve Bank of Australia: Statement on Monetary Policy, August 2026, Outlook. https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2026/aug/outlook.html. Forecast table 3.1 (underlying inflation, unemployment, real wages, household consumption and public demand), key judgement 2, business investment path, and the fuel excise roll-off sentence.
  16. Reserve Bank of Australia: Statement on Monetary Policy, August 2026 (PDF). https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2026/aug/pdf/statement-on-monetary-policy-2026-08.pdf. “the forecasts assume less than one full cash rate increase by the end of 2026, before a small reduction in the cash rate further out”. The Bank does not split the forecasts by cause.
  17. Reserve Bank of Australia: Statement on Monetary Policy, August 2026, Economic Conditions, section 2.7 (https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2026/aug/economic-conditions.html) and overview (https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2026/aug/overview.html). Conflict-related cost effects, excluding the direct effect of retail fuel prices, “contributed a bit more than 0.1 percentage points to trimmed mean inflation in the June quarter”. June-quarter headline inflation was “substantially lower than the 4.8 per cent expected in the May Statement”.
  18. Australian Bureau of Statistics: Labour Force, Australia, August 2026, 24 September 2026. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-australia/aug-2026. Unemployment 4.6 per cent (4.5 in July); unemployed people 722,900, up 80,000 (12.4 per cent) over the year; employed people 14,836,600, up 238,100 (1.6 per cent). THE RORT’s calculation: the July and August average, (4.5 + 4.6) / 2 = 4.55.
  19. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor’s media conference transcript, 11 August 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/mc-gov-2026-08-11.html. Bullock on gradualism under the dual mandate. Used also for the scoped word search of the press conference.
  20. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor Michele Bullock, Opening Statement to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, 18 September 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-09-18.html. Capacity pressures, firms passing on fuel costs, labour market “a little tighter than” full employment, unemployment 4.5 per cent, lags.
  21. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor Michele Bullock, “Monetary Policy in an Era of Shocks”, Anika Foundation lunch, 28 July 2026. https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-07-28.html. “Putting off a period of tight monetary policy today can mean higher rates and higher unemployment down the track.”
  22. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor Philip Lowe, speech, 22 November 2022. https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2022/sp-gov-2022-11-22.html. “bringing inflation back down again after it becomes ingrained in people’s expectations is very costly and almost certainly involves a recession”; “a rise in the unemployment rate of at least 5 percentage points”.
  23. Treasury Laws Amendment (Reserve Bank Reforms) Act 2024 (assented 29 November 2024, in force 1 March 2025), section 9B. https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/pdf/acts/20240096.pdf. Statement on the Conduct of Monetary Policy, 10 July 2025. https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/framework/stmt-conduct-mp-9-2025-07-10.html. “They agree that an appropriate goal is consumer price inflation between 2 and 3 per cent.”
  24. Reserve Bank of Australia: Board meeting schedules, https://www.rba.gov.au/schedules-events/board-meeting-schedules.html (“The outcome of the meeting is announced at 2.30 pm on the second day.”), and Releases Expected, https://www.rba.gov.au/schedules-events/ (Minutes of Monetary Policy Meeting, 13 October 2026, 11.30 am: “released two weeks after each Monetary Policy Board meeting”). Australian Bureau of Statistics: release calendar, https://www.abs.gov.au/release-calendar/future-releases-calendar/202609 and /202610 and /202611. Fetched 29 September 2026.
  25. Parliament of Australia: Senate estimates next hearings, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Senate_estimates/Next_hearings (Group B, Wednesday 28 and Thursday 29 October, Economics), and House Economics Committee, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Economics (Review of Australia’s four major banks, next hearing 12 November 2026). RBA Governor appearances: https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-02-06.html; https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-06-04.html; https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-09-18.html. Fetched 29 September 2026.
  26. Treasurer of Australia: transcripts, News Breakfast (ABC), 29 September 2026. https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/jim-chalmers-2022/transcripts. Said before the decision.
  27. ABC News: live blog, 29 September 2026. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-09-29/asx-markets-business-news-live-updates-tuesday-29-september/107206212. The Treasurer’s remarks after the decision (posts timed 3.02 pm, 3.12 pm and 3.18 pm AEST) and ACOSS chief executive Cassandra Goldie’s reaction. Secondary source, attributed by name.
  28. FXStreet: report of the Treasurer’s remarks, published 2.54 pm AEST, 29 September 2026. URL not recorded by the desk. Secondary source.no link supplied
  29. Prime Minister of Australia: Press conference, Adelaide, 29 September 2026 (before the decision). https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-adelaide-8.
  30. Yahoo Finance Australia: live blog, Tom Flanagan, 29 September 2026. URL not recorded by the desk. Opposition Leader Angus Taylor’s remarks, about 3.25 to 3.30 pm AEST. Secondary source.no link supplied
  31. Liberal Party of Australia: media release by Shadow Treasurer Tim Wilson, 29 September 2026. https://www.liberal.org.au/2026/09/29/16th-rba-rate-hike-forced-albanese-active-inflation-agenda-built-on-spending-addiction. Quoted as the Opposition’s statement.
  32. David Pocock, Independent Senator for the ACT: Facebook video and caption, 29 September 2026. https://www.facebook.com/reel/1731439414782221/. Read directly on the public page (official page facebook.com/pocock.page). Only the caption is quoted.
  33. Macquarie: Viewing the RBA interest rate decision, help page. https://www.macquarie.com.au/help/personal/home-loans/understanding-your-home-loan-interest-rates-and-fees/viewing-the-rba-interest-rate-decision.html. Fetched 4.39 pm AEST, 29 September 2026. New savings tiers from 15 October are on the help page above; the savings account page (https://www.macquarie.com.au/everyday-banking/savings-account.html) still displayed the previous rates at 4.39 pm.
  34. CBA, Westpac, NAB and ANZ rate-change pages, each re-fetched between 4.44 pm and 4.46 pm AEST on 29 September 2026: https://www.commbank.com.au/news/rate-announcement.html; https://www.commbank.com.au/news/savings-rate-announcement.html; https://www.westpac.com.au/personal-banking/home-loans/manage-home-loan/latest-interest-rate-changes/; https://www.nab.com.au/news/interest-rates/change-to-nab-home-loan-rate; https://www.anz.com.au/personal/home-loans/interest-rates/rate-changes/. Dated absences of any announced change.
  35. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor Michele Bullock, Fireside Chat at CEDA, Sydney, 22 September 2026 (RBA transcript). https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/sp-gov-2026-09-22.html.
  36. Australian Government: Final Budget Outcome 2025-26, Part 1, September 2026. https://archive.budget.gov.au/2025-26/fbo/download/00_fbo_2025-26.pdf. June-quarter 2026 headline inflation 3.9 per cent against the Budget forecast of 5 per cent; “subdued pass-through” of Middle East cost pressures.
  37. Reserve Bank of Australia: Governor’s media conference transcripts, 3 February 2026 (https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/mc-gov-2026-02-03.html) and 5 May 2026 (https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2026/mc-gov-2026-05-05.html). The rises “will have no impact on this”; “Fiscal policy has many more things that it can do.”
  38. Treasurer of Australia: media releases, 30 September 2024 (https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/jim-chalmers-2022/media-releases/labor-delivers-biggest-ever-back-back-surpluses; underlying cash surpluses of $22.1 billion in 2022-23 and $15.8 billion in 2023-24) and 28 September 2026 (https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/jim-chalmers-2022/media-releases/final-budget-outcome-2025-26; deficit of $22.3 billion in 2025-26). Budget Paper No. 1, Statement 3, 12 May 2026 (https://budget.gov.au/content/bp1/download/bp1_bs-3.docx). The deficits of $10.0 billion (2024-25) and $22.3 billion (2025-26) and the $31.5 billion forecast for 2026-27 are from these last two sources.
  39. Woodside Energy Group: Half-Year Report 2026 (https://www.woodside.com/docs/default-source/investor-documents/quarterly-and-half-yearly-pdfs-and-data-tables/2026/half-year-2026-report.pdf): underlying profit up 7 per cent, US$1,247m to US$1,334m. Santos: 2026 Half-year Results presentation, 19 August 2026 (https://www.santos.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Santos-2026-Half-year-Results-ASX-Presentation.pdf): profit after tax down 19 per cent, underlying US$397m against US$508m. Journals of the Senate No. 39, 12 March 2026, item 6, “Domestic gas reserve” (ParlInfo id chamber/journals/dca27c74-848a-42ca-8c5c-9ae85b395dca/0007): Greens amendment to subject all gas production to a minimum 25% gas export tax, negatived 13 to 35. House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings No. 57, 25 May 2026, and No. 61, 2 June 2026, item 6 (ParlInfo id chamber/votes/b8006be3-3f21-413b-9e71-74f95c642860/0007): second-reading amendment to Appropriation Bill (No. 1) 2026-2027 calling for a 25 per cent gas export tax, negatived 9 to 71. Later Senate divisions on 29 June and 12 August 2026 (Journals of the Senate Nos. 54 and 59) were also lost.
  40. Reserve Bank of Australia: Table F4.1, Paid deposit rates (https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/csv/f4.1-data.csv) and Table F6, Housing lending rates (https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/csv/f6-data.csv), published 7 September 2026, December 2025 to July 2026.
  41. ABC News: federal politics live blog, 29 April 2026. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-04-29/federal-politics-blog-housing-energy-fastrack/106616572. The Prime Minister on gas exports and the Budget. Secondary source.
  42. Senate Select Committee on the Taxation of Gas Resources: report, 7 May 2026, with the additional comments of Labor senators and of Coalition senators. https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Taxation_of_Gas_Resources/TaxationofGasResources/Report/Chapter_1_-_Report.
This piece is one node in the model. Every entity it names has a dossier that assembled itself from every investigation mentioning it, and this article now deepens each of them. Follow the power: from the price you pay, to the company that takes it, to the regulator that waved it through.
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